Fish oil and Vernonia amygdalina Leaves-Supplemented Biscuits Increased Insulin Secretion and Suppressed Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Type 2 Diabetic Wistar Rats

Authors

Omolola Soji-Omoniwa, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, NigeriaFollow
Uthman Olanrewaju Abdulazeez, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, NigeriaFollow
Christfavour Oluwaseyi Oloba, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
Samuel Olajuwon Kolawole, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
Johnson Opeyemi Olayinka, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
Emmanuel Olorunleke Oludipe, Faculty of Ecotechnologies, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Anuoluwapo Faith Ajediti, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
Habib Tajudeen Yusuf, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

Abstract

This research determined the effect of fish oil and Vernonia amygdalina-enriched biscuits (FVSB) on insulin sensitivity and inflammatory cytokines in type 2 diabetic rats. Forty-nine male rats were grouped into seven, i.e. A-G. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) was induced in groups B-G by administering 230 mg/kg body weight [BW] NAD (ip) and 65 mg/kg BW streptozotocin (ip). Group A represented the control (Non-diabetic + unsupplemented biscuit), B (untreated diabetic), C (diabetic + 120 mg/kg BW metformin), D-F (diabetic + FVSB at 1g, 2g and 3g leaf inclusion respectively), and G (diabetic + conventional biscuit). The experiment lasted 35 days, and rats were monitored for changes in fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin levels, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). FVSB reduced FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR, IL-6, CRP and TNF-α but increased HOMA-β score in comparison with untreated diabetic groups. FVSB reduced FBG in an exposure duration-dependent manner. At 3g leaf inclusion level, FVSB reduced insulin and HOMA-IR to levels comparable to metformin. At 2g leaf inclusion, FVSB reduced IL-6 to levels comparable with the sham control. At all the leaf inclusion levels, FVSB reduced CRP and TNF-α, while also increasing HOMA-β score to levels comparable to either the sham control or the metformin-treated groups. In conclusion, FVSB elicited insulin sensitivity-improvement activity by reducing FBG and insulin concentrations and also anti-inflammatory properties by reducing IL-6, CRP and TNF-α in diabetic rats. The 3g leaf inclusion biscuit is the most potent and may be considered for the management of T2DM.

Recommended Citation

Soji-Omoniwa, Omolola; Abdulazeez, Uthman Olanrewaju; Oloba, Christfavour Oluwaseyi; Kolawole, Samuel Olajuwon; Olayinka, Johnson Opeyemi; Oludipe, Emmanuel Olorunleke; Ajediti, Anuoluwapo Faith; and Yusuf, Habib Tajudeen (2025) "Fish oil and Vernonia amygdalina Leaves-Supplemented Biscuits Increased Insulin Secretion and Suppressed Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Type 2 Diabetic Wistar Rats," Al-Bahir: Vol. 7: Iss. 2, Article 4.
Available at: https://doi.org/10.55810/2313-0083.1108

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