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Al-Bahir Journal for Engineering and Pure Sciences

Abstract

The powder metallurgy method was employed to fabricate aluminum-based composite samples reinforced with nano silica at varying weight fractions of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt.%. The powders were mixed, dried, and compacted using a hydraulic press at 7 tons of pressure for one minute, followed by thermal sintering in an oven at 600°C for two hours. Structural characterization was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while thermal analysis included thermal conductivity, heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, thermal flux, and thermal resistance. The results revealed that the optimal nano silica reinforcement ratio was 10%, yielding notably improved properties. SEM images confirmed surface homogeneity and strong granular cohesion, whereas XRD and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) identified aluminum in the cubic crystal system, while nano silica exhibited partial crystallization and a broad maximum peak at (2θ = 22–25°) with a Miller index of (111). Thermal analysis indicated a gradual decline in thermal conductivity as the nano silica content increased, with the lowest thermal conductivity recorded at 112 W/m.K and the lowest thermal effusively at 265.990 W.s1/2 /m².K. Similarly, the thermal diffusivity reached a minimum of 0.1098 mm²/sec at 10 wt.% silica reinforcement. Furthermore, the thermal capacity decreased, whereas thermal resistance increased with higher reinforcement ratios, reaching a minimum heat capacity of 302.251 J/Kg.K and a maximum thermal resistance of 3.366×10⁻⁶ W/m².K at 10 wt.% silica. These findings highlight the potential of nano silica reinforcement in enhancing the thermal performance of aluminum-based composites.

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