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Al-Bahir Journal for Engineering and Pure Sciences

Abstract

Sarcocephalus latifolius (sm.) of the family, Rubiaceae, is an important plant used in folkloric medicine for the management of various disease conditions. An innovative green route was adopted for the direct characterization of the underutilized tropical plant which was profiled for the fatty acid composition and examined for the in vitro anti-cholinesterase potential. The fatty acid methyl esters obtained via direct methylation was characterized using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, GC-FID/GC-MS. With donepezil hydrochloride as a reference, the cholinesterase enzyme inhibition capacity of the FAMEs was further assessed through standard assay. Four fatty acids were identified from the total ion chromatogram of the two samples, with 10-methylheptadecanoic acid common to both leaf and fruit. Palmitic acid (41.55%, 26.89%) and 10-methylheptadecanoic acid (40.32%, 2.27%,) were predominant in the leave and fruit with linoleic acid (18.13%, 20.83%) also appearing significantly in the leaf and fruit respectively. 8,11,14-heptadecatrienoic acid (29.55%, RT 16.89) was only detected in the fruit. The presence of linoleic acid, an important polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid is presumed to contribute significantly to the anticholinesterase activity of the plant. Although 10-methylheptadecanoic acid was also present in the fruit, it was the least available in it as 8, 11, 14-heptadecatrienoic acid (29.55%), hexadecanoic acid (26.89%) and octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid (20.83%) were more abundant. The leave which had higher extraction yield indicated a reduced activity with IC50 of 231.3 ± 1.66 mg/mL compared to the fruit (29.14 ± 12.89) and the standard, donepezil hydrochloride (127.70 ± 5.77 mg/mL). The rapid determination of S. latifolius fatty acid profile of the leave and fruit was made possible by the direct trans-esterification method. This green approach is feasible, time saving, consumes less solvents, and lowers the risk of contamination that comes with traditional multistage procedures. Following the exploration of the chemical makeup and the observed antioxidant potential of S. latifolius obtained in this study, the folkloric applications is being established. The data obtained in this study revealed that S. latifolius contains fatty acids with significant antioxidant potential that warrant further exploration.

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