Evaluation of Iron element by New CPE Method and (ICP-MS) in The Wastewater of the Lifting and Treatment Stations

Authors

Mohammed Nasser Hussain, Department of chemistry, college of science, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq
Ahmed Fadhil Khudhair, Department of chemistry, college of science, University of Kerbala, Karbala, IraqFollow
Hussain Jawad Ahmed, Department of chemistry, college of science, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq

Abstract

A new micell-mediated phase separation technique has been created to preconcentrate levels of iron before measuring it using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The method is based on the extraction of iron from the 1-Nitroso-2- naphthol reagent using Triton X-114 in a cloud point extraction procedure, where the method's ideal conditions were attained. 0.2 mL of Triton X-114, 2.887 mmol. L-1 of 1-Nitroso-2-naphthol reagent, pH = 8, 60 ºC. The Iron detection limit for the method is 0.05 µg. mL-1, and the RSD% is 4.728 µg. mL-1. Linearity was maintained in the iron concentration range of 0.25 to 16 µg. mL-1. Furthermore, the interference impact of certain cations was assessed. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine the Iron ion in the wastewater in ten different stations. eight lifting stations and two treatment stations in the center and district of Al-Hurr in the Karbala city. In addition, the Iron element in the wastewater from the study sites was also directly evaluated using inductively-coupled plasma mass technology.

Recommended Citation

Hussain, Mohammed Nasser; Khudhair, Ahmed Fadhil; and Ahmed, Hussain Jawad (2024) "Evaluation of Iron element by New CPE Method and (ICP-MS) in The Wastewater of the Lifting and Treatment Stations," Al-Bahir Journal for Engineering and Pure Sciences: Vol. 4: Iss. 1, Article 6.
Available at: https://doi.org/10.55810/2313-0083.1052

References

[1] Ibrahem S, Hassan M, Ibraheem Q, Arif K. Genotoxic effect of lead and cadmium on workers at wastewater plant in Iraq. J Environ Public Health [Internet] 2020 Jul 25;2020(ID 9171027):1e9. Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/ journals/jeph/2020/9171027/.

[2] Azimi A, Azari A, Rezakazemi M, Ansarpour M. Removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters: a review. ChemBioEng Rev [Internet] 2017 Feb;4(1):37e59. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cben.201600010.

[3] Ursino C, Castro-Munoz R, Drioli E, Gzara L, Albeirutty M, ~ Figoli A. Progress of nanocomposite membranes for water treatment. Membranes (Basel) [Internet] 2018 Apr 3;8(2):1e18. Available from: http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/8/2/18.

[4] Yang X, Liu Y, Hu S, Yu F, He Z, Zeng G, et al. Construction of Fe3O4@MXene composite nanofiltration membrane for heavy metal ions removal from wastewater Xiaojun. Polym Adv Technol [Internet] 2021 Mar 4;32(3):1000e10. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pat.5148.

[5] Castro-Munoz R, Barrag ~ an-Huerta BE, F íla V, Denis PC, Ruby-Figueroa R. Current role of membrane technology: from the treatment of agro-industrial by-products up to the valorization of valuable compounds. Waste and Biomass Valorization [Internet] 2018 Apr 3;9(4):513e29. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12649-017-0003-1.

[6] Journal BS, Ali RJ, Sadee BA. Determination of essential and trace elements in various vegetables using ICP-MS. Baghdad Sci J [Internet] 2022;20:715e25. Available from: https://bsj. uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BSJ/onlinefirst/view/7253.

[7] Castro-Munoz R, Gontarek E, Figoli A. Membranes for toxic- ~ and heavy-metal removal. In: Current trends and future developments on (bio-) membranes [internet]. Elsevier; 2020. p. 125e49. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/ retrieve/pii/B9780128167786000072. [8] Ustabasi GS, Perez-Rafols C, Serrano N, D íaz-Cruz JM. Simultaneous determination of iron and copper using screen-printed carbon electrodes by adsorptive stripping voltammetry with o-phenanthroline. Microchem J [Internet] 2022 Aug;179:1e7. Available from: https://linkinghub. elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0026265X22004258.

[9] Sahoo SK, Sharma D, Bera RK, Crisponi G, Callan JF. Iron(iii) selective molecular and supramolecular fluorescent probes. Chem Soc Rev [Internet] 2012;41(21). 7195e7127. Available from: http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI¼c2cs35152h.

[10] Wang C, Shi H, Yang M, Yan Y, Liu E, Ji Z, et al. Facile synthesis of novel carbon quantum dots from biomass waste for highly sensitive detection of iron ions. Mater Res Bull [Internet] 2020 Apr;124(2020):1e23. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.materresbull.2019.110730. Available from:.

[11] Xu H, Zhou S, Liu J, Wei Y. Nanospace-confined preparation of uniform nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots for highly selective fluorescence dual-function determination of Fe 3þ and ascorbic acid. RSC Adv [Internet] 2018;8(10):5500e8. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA13001E. Available from:.

[12] Wang Z, Yao B, Xiao Y, Tian X, Wang Y. Fluorescent quantum dots and its composites for highly sensitive detection of heavy metal ions and pesticide residues: a review. Chemosensors [Internet] 2023 Jul 19;11(7):405. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/11/7/405.

[13] Sabouri Z, Kazemi Oskuee R, Sabouri S, Hafez Tabrizi, Moghaddas SS, Samarghandian S, et al. Phytoextract-mediated synthesis of Ag-doped ZnOeMgOeCaO nanocomposite using Ocimum Basilicum L seeds extract as a highly efficient photocatalyst and evaluation of their biological effects. Ceram Int [Internet] 2023 Jun;49(12):20989e97. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/ S0272884223008350.

[14] Sabouri Z, Sabouri M, Moghaddas SSTH, Darroudi M. Design and preparation of amino-functionalized core-shell magnetic nanoparticles for photocatalytic application and investigation of cytotoxicity effects. J Environ Heal Sci Eng [Internet] 2022 Nov 30;21(1):93e105. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s40201-022-00842-x. Available from:.

[15] Darroudi M, Bratovcic A, Sabouri Z, Moghaddas SSTH. Removal of organic dyes from wastewaters using metal oxide nanoparticles. 2022. p. 483e508.

[16] Malik A, Firke SD, Patil RR, Shirkhedkar AA, Surana SJ. Determination of iron chelating agents by analytical methods: a review. Crit Rev Anal Chem [Internet] 2020 May 3;50(3):254e64. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 10408347.2019.1620095. Available from:.

[17] Mortada WI, Kenawy IMM, Abou El-Reash YG, Mousa AA. Microwave assisted modification of cellulose by gallic acid and its application for removal of aluminium from real samples (S0141-8130(16)32925-7) Int J Biol Macromol [Internet] 2017 Aug;101:490e501. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijbiomac.2017.03.027. Available from:. [18] Alkhikany A-A-B, Award NAN, Musa HK. Synthesis, characterization, and structural studies of (2-chloro-4-methylphenyl) dithiocarbamate and evelopment of the CPE method for the determination of lead. In: AIP conference proceedings [internet]; 2022. p. 1e16. Available from: https://pubs.aip. org/aip/acp/article/2822134.

[19] Sulaiman R, Adeyemi I, Abraham SR, Hasan SW, AlNashef IM. Liquid-liquid extraction of chlorophenols from wastewater using hydrophobic ionic liquids. J Mol Liq [Internet] 2019 Nov;294(2019):1e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.molliq.2019.111680. Available from:.

[20] Santana-Viera S, Padron MET, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Santana- Rodríguez JJ. Quantification of cytostatic platinum compounds in wastewater by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after ion exchange extraction. Microchem J [Internet] 2020 Sep;157:1e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.microc.2020.104862. Available from:.

[21] Arslan Z, Oymak T, White J. Triethylamine-assisted Mg(OH) 2 coprecipitation/preconcentration for determination of trace metals and rare earth elements in seawater by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Anal Chim Acta [Internet] 2018 May;1008:18e28. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.aca.2018.01.017. Available from:.

[22] Zheng H, Hong J, Luo X, Li S, Wang M, Yang B, et al. Combination of sequential cloud point extraction and hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry for preconcentration and determination of inorganic and methyl mercury in water samples. Microchem J [Internet] 2019 Mar;145(2019): 806e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2018.11.057. Available from:.

[23] Et al D. Micro spectrophotometric determination and cloud point extraction of sulphadimidine sodium in pure form and pharmaceutical drug. Baghdad Sci J [Internet] 2019 Jun 2; 16(2):332e44. Available from: https://bsj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/ index.php/BSJ/article/view/3465.

[24] Hassan MJM, Mizher OQ. New spectrophotometric estimation and cloud point extraction of cefdinir. Baghdad Sci J [Internet] 2018 Dec 9;15(4):0425. Available from: https://bsj. uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BSJ/article/view/36.

[25] Azooz EA, Moslim JR, Hameed SM, Jawad SK, Al-Mulla EAJ. Aspirin in food samples for separation and micro determination of copper(II) using cloud point extraction/solvation method. Nano Biomed Eng [Internet] 2021 Jan 20;13(1): 62e71. Available from: https://www.sciopen.com/article/10. 5101/nbe.v13i1.p62-71.

[26] Azooz EA, Moslim JR, Jawad SK. Cloud point extraction methodology for separation, extraction and preconcentration of mn (VII) coupled with spectroscopy for determination in different samples. Biochem Cell Arch 2020;20(1):2641e8.

[27] Mortada WI, Azooz EA. Microextraction of metal ions based on solidification of a floating drop: basics and recent updates. Trends Environ Anal Chem 2022 Jun 1;34(2022):3e9. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.teac.2022.e00163.

[28] Mortada WI, Kenawy IMM, El-Gamal GG, Moalla SMN. A micro mixed micelle-mediated preconcentration procedure for spectrophotometric determination of uranium in real and synthetic samples. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017;313(1): 69e77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-017-5281-3.

[29] Habibi Z, Bamdad F. Simultaneous determination of traces of cobalt and iron ions after preconcentration by surfaceactive ionic liquid-assisted cloud point microextraction. Anal Bioanal Chem Res 2022;9(3):243e50. https://doi/10.22036/ abcr.2021.311802.1689.

[30] Hamran BN, Khudhair AF. Micellar determination of amoxicillin in the pharmaceutical compounds by using cloud point extraction. Res J Pharm Technol 2020 Feb 1;13(2): 732e841. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00139.0.

[31] Khudhair AF, Hassan MK, Alesary HF, Abbas AS. A simple pre-concentration method for the determination of Nickel(II) in urine samples using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and flame atomic absorption spectrometry techniques. Indones J Chem 2019;19(3):638e49. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.35681.

[32] Liang H, Chen Q, Xu C, Shen X. Selective cloud point extraction of uranium from thorium and lanthanides using Cyanex 301 as extractant [Internet]. Separ Purif Technol 2019; 210:835e42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.08.071.

[33] Azooz EA, Shabaa GJ, Al-Mulla EAJ. Methodology for preconcentration and determination of silver in aqueous samples using cloud point extraction. Brazilian J Anal Chem 2021;9(35): 1e10. https://doi.10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.AR-61-2021

[34] Azooz EA, Ridha RK, Abdulridha HA. The fundamentals and recent applications of micellar system extraction for nanoparticles and bioactive molecules: a review. Nano Biomed Eng 2021;13(3):264e78. https://doi.10.5101/nbe.v13i3.p264-278

[35] Al-ward HS, Ahmed MR. Spectrophotometric analysis of vancomycin hydrochloride in pure and pharmaceutical injections via batch and cloud point extraction techniques. Baghdad Sci J 2022;20(September 2022):409e19. https:// doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2022.6686.

[36] Hadi ZA. Studying the waste water quality in Karbala city. Iraq A. University of Baghdad; 2022.

[37] Abed EH, Hassan WH, Faisal AAH. Using of geographical information system and water quality index for evaluation of groundwater quality in the Dammam Zone, Faddak farm, Karbala, Iraq. J Phys Conf Ser [Internet] 2021 Aug 1;1973(1): 12181. Available from: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10. 1088/1742-6596/1973/1/012181.

[38] AL-Dulaimi GA, Younes MK. Assessment of potable water quality in Baghdad city, Iraq. 117862211773344 Air, Soil Water Res [Internet] 2017 Jan 1;10. Available from: http:// journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1178622117733441.

[39] Boudias M, Gourgiotis A, Montavon G, Cazala C, Pichon V, Delaunay N. 226Ra and 137Cs determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: state of the art and perspectives including sample pretreatment and separation steps (2022):2e5 J Environ Radioact 2022:244e5. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106812.

[40] Hong YS, Choi JY, Nho EY, Hwang IM, Khan N, Jamila N, et al. Determination of macro, micro and trace elements in citrus fruits by inductively coupled plasmaeoptical emission spectrometry (ICP- OES), ICPemass spectrometry and direct mercury analyzer. J Sci Food Agric 2019;99(4):1e9. https:// doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9382.

[41] Zhang X, Bai J, Wang R, Wei X, Chen M, Yang T, et al. Biological elemental analysis: a cute-meet of microfluidic device to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. View 2023;4(1):1e8. https://doi.org/10.1002/VIW.20220035.

[42] Michalke B. Review about powerful combinations of advanced and hyphenated sample introduction techniques with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICPMS) for elucidating trace element species in pathologic conditions on a molecular level. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23(11): 2e22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116109.

[43] Rocha FS, Gomes AJ, Lunardi CN, Kaliaguine S, Patience GS. Experimental methods in chemical engineering: ultraviolet visible spectroscopydUV-Vis. Can J Chem Eng 2018;96(12):2512e26. https://doi.org/10.1002/ cjce.23344.

[44] Nikam BK, Jadhav VB, Borse MS. Influence of alcohols on the lower consolute behavior and thermodynamic approach of Triton X-114 aqueous two-phase systems. J Indian Chem Soc [Internet] 2022;99(8):1e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jics.2022.100572.

[45] Al-assady MKH. Determination and pre- concentration of iron and copper in urine of occupational workers samples by using cloud point extraction. 2017